OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HazCom, 29 CFR 1910.1200) aligns U.S. labeling with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) to ensure workers receive uniform, understandable hazard information. Whether chemicals arrive from a supplier or are decanted into smaller containers in your facility, the standard lays out what must be shown, how it should be presented, and when it must be revised so employees can make informed, safe decisions at a glance.

Required label elements

HazCom requires six core items on shipped container labels: product identifier, signal word, hazard statement(s), pictogram(s), precautionary statement(s), and supplier identification (name, address, and telephone). Labels must be legible, prominently displayed, and in English; additional languages may be added if the English version remains. Hazard and precautionary statements must match the chemical’s classification. The information can appear as a single printed label or a firmly attached tag, provided durability is sufficient for normal handling and storage conditions.

Pictograms and signal words

GHS pictograms communicate hazard categories visually. OSHA adopts eight pictograms: health hazard, flame, exclamation mark, gas cylinder, corrosion, exploding bomb, flame over circle (oxidizers), and skull and crossbones. The environmental pictogram is not mandatory under OSHA, though some suppliers include it voluntarily. Use only one signal word—Danger or Warning—based on the most severe applicable hazard. During transportation, DOT diamonds may appear on shipping containers; OSHA permits omitting the redundant HazCom pictogram on the outer shipping container when a corresponding DOT label is present. The immediate container used in the workplace still needs full HazCom elements.

Workplace and secondary containers

When chemicals are transferred to in-plant or secondary containers, employers may replicate the full GHS-style label or use an alternative workplace labeling system, such as NFPA 704 or HMIS, if it conveys general hazard information and employees are trained to understand it. Each label must identify the product and the primary hazards in a way that aligns with the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Small, portable containers intended for immediate use by the employee who filled them may be exempt from labeling, but once control is lost or the container is stored, a compliant label is required. Never remove or deface supplier labels unless you immediately replace them with complete, compliant labeling.

SDS alignment and updates

Labels must be consistent with the SDS for the same product and revision. Chemical manufacturers and importers must update labels within six months of learning new significant hazard information; distributors then ship containers with the updated labels once available. Employers must ensure workplace labels reflect current hazard knowledge and that employees are trained on any changes. Trade secrets may protect specific chemical identities on the SDS, but labels must still communicate product identifier, hazards, and protective measures. Keep labels durable: choose materials and adhesives that withstand chemicals, abrasion, and expected temperatures.

Practical compliance tips and common pitfalls

• Match the exact product identifier on the label to the SDS and inventory records.
• Keep red-bordered GHS pictograms fully printed; do not leave empty red diamonds.
• Use clear print size and high contrast; avoid obstructing labels with tape or straps.
• For small containers, use fold-out labels, tie-on tags, or outer packaging to convey full information where practical.
• Distinguish severity systems: NFPA/HMIS numbers (higher number = more severe) differ from GHS categories (Category 1 = most severe). Train workers on the distinction to prevent confusion.
• Coordinate DOT and HazCom elements for shipments; ensure the workplace container still carries HazCom-required information.
• Periodically inspect storage areas for worn, peeled, or chemical-damaged labels and replace them promptly.

On unrelated topics: digital assets and HazCom

Terms such as blockchain market analysis, market analysis of blockchain, digital asset investment, investment in digital assets, or cryptocurrency trading platform do not apply to OSHA HazCom labeling. HazCom governs communication about physical and health hazards of chemicals in workplaces, not financial instruments or software systems. Mixing these unrelated topics into labeling or training materials can distract from the core goal: ensuring employees immediately recognize chemical hazards and protective actions on every container.

Conclusion

The HazCom Standard creates a consistent, readable framework for communicating chemical hazards across U.S. workplaces. By including the six required label elements, applying the correct pictograms and signal word, keeping workplace and secondary containers labeled, and aligning labels with current SDS information, organizations help employees act safely. Regular maintenance, training, and sensible labeling practices sustain clarity and reduce risk over the life of each chemical container.